Estudio preliminar del fruto promisorio Pacó o Membrillo Gustavia superba Kunth Berg, bajo condiciones edafoclimáticas y de vivero Distrito Especial de Buenaventura Valle del Cauca

Abstract

La presente investigación realizada en el segundo semestre de 2016, en el Distrito Especial de Buenaventura, a modo de justificación la importancia de conservar los frutales promisorios entre ellos estudiados Gustavia superba Pacó o membrillo. La familia Lecythidaceae tiene 292 especies de 20 géneros, entre ellos Gustavia.

Hasta la fecha, existen pocos estudios sobre la fenología reproductiva y viabilidad de semillas en vivero de Lecythidaceae. La viabilidad de semillas permite seleccionar especies para reforestación, conservación y manejo en bosques. Con objetivo realizar el estudio preliminar del fruto promisorio Gustavia superba Kunth Berg.

La morfometría del fruto mostro que tiene un diámetro promedio de 84,0cm y un diámetro ecuatorial 72,0cm, peso promedio de 215,8g; con una superficie lisa de color verde-amarillo y de pulpa anaranjada, con un promedio de 4,1 semillas/frutos con un diámetro promedio de 34,8- 28,8cm, con una viabilidad y porcentaje de germinación altos (100%).

La descripción botánica de árboles establecidos en campo pudimos corroborar que son arboles de 10-20 m de altura, presenta hojas simples alternas entre 25-100 cm y 8-15 cm de ancho, inflorescencias adheridas al tronco; flores de 8 pétalos, de color blanco con manchas rosadas; frutos indehiscentes de olor fuerte y desagradable, el rescate oral evidencia que el fruto que puede ser utilizado en la alimentación humana y animal en preparaciones como guisos, coladas, arroz, sopas. El análisis de bromatología y calidad de fruto el fruto presenta un alto contenido de proteínas, grasas y fibra; mientras que las semillas muestran un alto contenido de carbohidratos y fibra.

ABSTRAC

The present investigation carried out in the second semester of 2016, in the Special District of Buenaventura, had as justification the importance of conserving the flora resources present in the ecosystem and that are part of the wealth of promising fruit trees that are very little studied. Gustavia superba Pacó or quince is one of them, just as hundreds of species continue to be unknown and their agricultural potential is undervalued. Gustavia superba it is associated with the residential garden of the Pacific and was part of the diet of the natives, despite not being widespread as a crop. The Lecythidaceae family has 292 species of 20 genera, including Gustavia (Scott A. , 2002). In Colombia, 75 species have been recorded in nine genera, the vast majority distributed in the low and humid lands of the Amazon, the Pacific plain and the Magdalena River valley, and only a few species are found in Andean forest areas. 26 species (ca. 34%) and two subspecies are in some category of threat) (sensu UICN 2001 citado en Calderón, 2002 p.141); of these, 11 species and one subspecies are exclusive to Colombia, most of them are restricted to the Magdalena river valley and / or the Chocó biogeográfico (Calderón, 2002). To date, there are few studies on the reproductive phenology and viability of Lecythidaceae nursery seeds (Sautu A., Baskin J., Baskin C., Condit R., 2006). Seed viability studies allow us to select potential tree species to develop reforestation, conservation and sustainable management programs in Neotropical forests that have suffered human disturbance. The present research aimed to carry out the preliminary study of the promising fruit of the Gustavia superba Kunth Berg quince, under nursery conditions, the Campus of the University of the Pacific for the Special District of Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca. The morphometry of the fruit showed that it has an average longitudinal diameter of 84.0cm and an equatorial diameter of 72.0cm, with an average weight of 215.8g; with a smooth surface of green-yellow color and orange pulp, with an average of 4.1 seeds per fruit with an average diameter of 34.8cm and 28.8cm, with a high viability and germination percentage (100%). After the seedlings germinated and after the second registration, an average growth of 0.7cm was evidenced and after 132 days they reached the height (30.7) required to be transplanted; At 36 days, a slight stabilization in the emergence of leaves is evidenced, the percentage of dry matter allowed us to know that they are plants with a high moisture content.