Efecto del compost artesanal a base de gallinaza suplementado con Beauveria bassiana en el cultivo de plátano (Musa paradisiaca) en Zacaria, Buenaventura-Valle del Cauca.
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El plátano (Musa paradisiaca) es uno de los alimentos más importante en el mundo, su versatilidad y adaptabilidad le han permitido ser materia prima de diversas industrias, sin embargo, las zonas rurales de Buenaventura, Colombia se cultiva bajo sistemas agroforestales en agricultura, en suelos ligeramente ácidos y condiciones ambientales favorables para la presencia y proliferación de plagas y enfermedades. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de dos fertilizantes sobre la producción y aspectos fitosanitario en el cultivo de plátano (Musa paradisiaca) en Buenaventura, Colombia. Se usó fertilizante químico 15-15-15 a dosis de 100gramos/planta y se aumentó la dosis después de cada aplicación hasta alcanzar dosis de 300gramo/pantas y compost a base de gallinaza suplementado con Beauveria bassiana a dosis de 400gramos/plantas y se aumentó en 100 gramos tras cada aplicación cada 45 días. Para la identificación del patógeno, se realizó una caracterización de la sintomatología que presentaban las plantas afectadas, en ese sentido, la identificación de las plagas se realizó basados en los daños observados y en la descripción morfológica de los individuos capturados, la producción se evaluó teniendo en cuenta variables como peso, número plátanos y numero de gajos por racimo. Esta investigación mostró que en las zonas de estudio predominan las plagas Metamasius hábitats, y Cosmopolites sordidus, y la patología causada por Mycosphaerella sp., además que la fertilización orgánica es la mejor alternativa dado su bajo costo, facilitad de obtención y aportes que realiza en el mejoramiento de estructura y calidad de los suelos. The banana (Musa paradisiaca) is one of the most important foods in the world, its versatility and adaptability have allowed it to be raw material for various industries, however, the rural areas of Buenaventura, Colombia are grown under agroforestry systems in agriculture, in slightly acidic soils and favorable environmental conditions for the presence and proliferation of pests and diseases. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of two fertilizers on production and phytosanitary aspects in banana (Musa paradisiaca) cultivation in Buenaventura, Colombia. Chemical fertilizer 15-15-15 is used at a dose of 100 grams/plant and the dose was increased after each application until reaching a dose of 300 grams/plant and chicken manure-based compost supplemented with Beauveria bassiana at a dose of 400 grams/plant and increased in 100 grams after each application every 45 days. To identify the pathogen, a characterization of the symptoms presented by the affected plants was carried out. In this sense, the identification of the pests was carried out based on the damage observed and the morphological description of the captured individuals. Production was evaluated taking into account take into account variables such as weight, number of bananas and number of segments per bunch. This research showed that in the study areas the pests Metamasius habitats, and Cosmopolites sordidus, and the pathology caused by Mycosphaerella sp. predominate, in addition that organic fertilization is the best alternative given its low cost, it facilitated its obtaining and contributions that are made in improving the structure and quality of soils.
Resumen
The banana (Musa paradisiaca) is one of the most important foodsin the world, its versatility and adaptability have allowed it to be raw material for various industries, however, the rural areas of Buenaventura, Colombia are grown under agroforestry systems in agriculture, in slightly acidic soils and favorable environmental conditions for the presence and proliferation of pests and diseases. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of two fertilizers on production and phytosanitary aspects in banana (Musa paradisiaca) cultivation in Buenaventura, Colombia. Chemical fertilizer 15-15-15 is used at a dose of 100 grams/plant and the dose was increased after each application until reaching a dose of 300 grams/plant and chicken manure-based compost supplemented with Beauveria bassiana at a dose of 400 grams/plant and increased in 100 grams after each application every 45 days. To identify the pathogen, a characterization of the symptoms presented by the affected plants was carried out. In this sense, the identification of the pests was carried out based on the damage observed and the morphological description of the captured individuals. Production was evaluated taking into account take into account variables such as weight, number of bananas and number of segments per bunch. This research showed that in the study areas the pests Metamasius habitats, and Cosmopolites sordidus, and the pathology caused by Mycosphaerella sp. predominate, in addition that organic fertilization is the best alternative given itslow cost, it facilitated its obtaining and contributionsthat are made in improving the structure and qu