Evaluación del efecto nematicida de los extractos acuoso y etanólico de santa maría de anís (Piper auritum Kunth) sobre Meloidogyne sp. en condiciones de laboratorio

Abstract

El género Piper ha mostrado tener efecto biocida sobre diferentes organismos nocivos para la agricultura como lo son nematodos convirtiéndose en una alternativa al control químico. Debido a esto se ha empezado a buscar alternativas de control diferentes al uso de moléculas químico como el uso de extractos naturales que no ocasiona daños al ambiente. En ese sentido este trabajo se evaluó el efecto nematicida del extracto acuoso y etanólico de santa maría de anís sobre Meloidogyne sp. El cual fue extraído de árbol del pan Artocarpus altilis y de plantas de albahaca Ocimum basilicum, en el montaje se usó un diseñó completo al azar en cajas de Petri de 5cm de diámetros, con ocho tratamientos y tres repeticiones para un total de 20 unidades experimentales la 1) dosis alta (100%), 2) dosis media (75%), 3) dosis baja (50%) para cada extractos, 4) agua (testigo absoluto) y 5) nematicida Rutinal® (testigo relativo), a cada dosis se le adicionó 100 j2 que es el estado infectivo del nematodo, se hizo observaciones de mortalidad de a las 24 y 48 horas, el cual mostró que a las 24 horas no se presentó mortalidad, a las 48horas ya habían nematodos muertos, se realizó un análisis un ANAVA, donde los resultados arrojaron que la dosis con concentración alta del extracto etanólico fue el más eficiente con un porcentaje de mortalidad 89,3% el cual fue considerado como dosis letal, las concentraciones media (75%) y baja (50%) se obtuvo porcentajes de mortalidad del 65,1% y 44,6%. The Piper genus has been shown to have a biocidal effect on different organisms harmful to agriculture, such as nematodes, becoming an alternative to chemical control. Due to this, it has begun to look for control alternatives other than the use of chemical molecules, such as the use of natural extracts that do not cause damage to the environment. In this sense, this work evaluated the nematicidal effect of the aqueous and ethanolic extract of Santa María de Anís on Meloidogyne sp. Which was extracted from the breadfruit tree Artocarpus altilis and from basil plants Ocimum basilicum, in the assembly a complete stimulant was used at random in Petri dishes of 5cm in diameter, with eight treatments and three repetitions for a total of 20 experimental units: 1) high dose (100%), 2) medium dose (75%), 3) low dose (50%) for each extracts, 4) water (absolute control) and 5) Rutinal® nematicide (relative control), 100 j2 was added to each dose, which is the infectious state of the nematode, mortality observations were made at 24 and 48 hours, which showed that there was no mortality at 24 hours, at 48 hours there were already dead nematodes, an ANAVA analysis was performed, where the results showed that the dose with high concentration of ethanolic extract was the most efficient with a percentage of mortality 89.3%, which was considered a lethal dose, the medium (75%) and low (50%) concentrations, mortality rates of 65.1% and 44.6% were obtained.

The Piper genus has been shown to have a biocidal effect on different organisms harmful to agriculture, such as nematodes, becoming an alternative to chemical control. Due to this, it has begun to look for control alternatives other than the use of chemical molecules, such as the use of natural extracts that do not cause damage to the environment. In this sense, this work evaluated the nematicidal effect of the aqueous and ethanolic extract of Santa María de Anís on Meloidogyne sp. Which was extracted from the breadfruit tree Artocarpus altilis and from basil plants Ocimum basilicum, in the assembly a complete stimulant was used at random in Petri dishes of 5cm in diameter, with eight treatments and three repetitions for a total of 20 experimental units: 1) high dose (100%), 2) medium dose (75%), 3) low dose (50%) for each extracts, 4) water (absolute control) and 5) Rutinal® nematicide (relative control), 100 j2 was added to each dose, which is the infectious state of the nematode, mortality observations were made at 24 and 48 hours, which showed that there was no mortality at 24 hours, at 48 hours there were already dead nematodes, an ANAVA analysis was performed, where the results showed that the dose with high concentration of ethanolic extract was the most efficient with a percentage of mortality 89.3%, which was considered a lethal dose, the medium (75%) and low (50%) concentrations, mortality rates of 65.1% and 44.6% were obtained.