Especies vegetales promisorias del Pacífico Colombiano: caracterización y valor científico
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Resumen en español
Las plantas promisorias utilizadas localmente se encuentran en los jardines y azoteas de sus pobladores. Son importantes por su poder medicinal y mágico-religioso. Este estudio se realizó dado que las especies promisorias están perdiendo su valor científico y ancestral. El objetivo fue determinar la diversidad de especies del género Piper en la subregión central del Pacífico colombiano. Para ello se analizaron sus características físicas y químicas. Para determinar la taxonomía se utilizó una colección de pliegos de la Universidad del Pacífico. Se estableció un protocolo para la obtención de aceites esenciales por hidrodestilación asistida por microondas (MWHD) y para el cálculo del rendimiento. El análisis GC/MS de los aceites esenciales se realizó en la Universidad Industrial de Santander bajo la norma ISO 7609-1985. Se realizó un análisis PC para determinar qué metabolitos varían entre los grupos. El estudio recolectó 12 de las 15 especies de Piper de la zona. También se recogieron datos de campo, etiquetas, taxones y descripciones botánicas. Se utilizó un protocolo de 11 pasos para obtener aceites esenciales mediante hidrodestilación asistida por microondas. El rendimiento y la calidad de los aceites esenciales se midieron mediante la fórmula Rendimiento % (p/p) = (PAE/PMV) x 100. El estudio incluyó marcadores únicos para evaluar la relación química de tres especies de Piper. Piper hispidum tenía 22 metabolitos; Piper aduncum tenía 16; Piper auritum tenía 13. Las especies son similares, pero presentan valores de disimilitud moderados-altos. Veintiocho metabolitos secundarios mostraron la mayor variación en las muestras de Piper. Palabras clave: Piperáceas, aceites esenciales, metabolitos secundarios, montajes botánicos Abstract The local plants used for medicine, magic, and religion are found in people's gardens and on rooftos. They are important for their medicinal and magical-religious power. This study was done because these promising species are losing their scientific and ancestral value. The goal was to determine the diversity of species of the genus Piper in the central subregion of the Colombian Pacific. This was done by looking at their physical and chemical characteristics. The herbarium of the Universidad del Pacífico was used to determine the taxonomy. A protocol was established to obtain essential oils by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MWHD) and to calculate the yield. The GC/MS analysis of essential oils was carried out at the Universidad Industrial de Santander under ISO 7609-1985. A PC analysis to determine which metabolites vary between groups. The study collected 12 of the 15 species of Piper in the area. It also collected field data, labels, taxa, and botanical descriptions. A 11-step protocol was used to obtain essential oils by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation. The yield and quality of the essential oils were measured using the formula: Yield % (w/w) = (PAE/PMV) x 100. The study included unique markers to assess the chemical relationship for three Piper species. Piper hispidum had 22 metabolites; Piper aduncum had 16; Piper auritum had 13. The species are similar but have moderate-high dissimilarity values. Twenty-eight secondary metabolites showed the most variation in the Piper samples. Keywords: Piperaceas, essential oils, secondary metabolites, botanic mounts
Resumen en inglés
The local plants used for medicine, magic, and religion are found in people's gardens and on rooftos. They are important for their medicinal and magical-religious power. This study was done because these promising species are losing their scientific and ancestral value. The goal was to determine the diversity of species of the genus Piper in the central subregion of the Colombian Pacific. This was done by looking at their physical and chemical characteristics. The herbarium of the Universidad del Pacífico was used to determine the taxonomy. A protocol was established to obtain essential oils by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MWHD) and to calculate the yield. The GC/MS analysis of essential oils was carried out at the Universidad Industrial de Santander under ISO 7609-1985. A PC analysis to determine which metabolites vary between groups. The study collected 12 of the 15 species of Piper in the area. It also collected field data, labels, taxa, and botanical descriptions. A 11-step protocol was used to obtain essential oils by microwaveassisted hydrodistillation. The yield and quality of the essential oils were measured using the formula: Yield % (w/w) = (PAE/PMV) x 100. The study included unique markers to assess the chemical relationship for three Piper species. Piper hispidum had 22 metabolites; Piper aduncum had 16; Piper auritum had 13. The species are similar but have moderate-high dissimilarity values. Twenty-eight secondary metabolites showed the most variation in the Piper samples.